CHAPTER XIV: THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION AND LIBERATION (Philippine History)

•      Commonwealth of the Philippines (Ten-year transition period) was interrupted when Japan started war in the Pacific Region.

•      On December 8, 1941 Pres. Roosevelt declared war with Japan after the attack in Pearl Harbor.

A. Japan’s Foreign Policy

Japan’s Expansion Program:

-   1930-1941 Japan was expanding its surrounding area

-    1932 ( Manchuria was occupied)

-    1937 ( China was invaded)

-   1941 ( French colony was occupied)

General Araki explained that the spirit of Japanese nation must be propagated across the five continents and to all who’ll hinder the progress must be abolished by force if necessary.

Japan’s Operation Of Attack

-          July 26, 1941 the PH regular and reserve forces were merged with the US Army.

-          General Douglas McArthur was the military adviser of the Commonwealth.

B. THE JAPANESE INVASION

Early Japanese Attack On The Philippines

The Escape of Quezon, Sayre and McArthur

-          Bataan fell on April 9, 1942.

-          Japan’s strength was too much for Fil-American forces.

-          Gen. Edward King surrendered in order to stop further killing.

-          After the fall of Bataan came the infamous Death March

-          Prisoners were forced to march from Marivelles, Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga.

-          As the fall of Corregidor was imminent, Gen. Wainwright ordered the burning of secret documents and PH money.

-          Gen. Wainwright ordered the complete surrender of all Filipinos and American forces on May 06,1942.

The Heroic Stand in Bataan and Corregidor

C. Philippine CONDITIONS DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

Japanese Military Government

Economic Condition

Social Condition

D. The SECOND Philippine REPUBLIC

Drafting of the Constitution

•      June 18 1943- the Japanese High Command in Manila ordered creation of the PCPI (Preparatory Commission of for Philippine Independence) for the purpose of drafting the constitution.

Inauguration of The Second Philippine Republic

E. Liberation of the Philippines

Battle of the Philippine Sea

The Landing’s At Leyte

SUBSEQUENT BATTLES

THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT IS BACK

-          August 1, 1945 the US Air Force dropped the first atomic bomb in Hiroshima and the second one in Nagasaki City.

-          On the same day Russia declared war against Japan

-          Japan surrendered unconditionally on August 15, 1945 due in realizing the total annihilation was possible

-          September 02, 1945 board the battleship Missouri at Tokyo Bay

-          The remaining Japanese forces headed by General Yamashita and Admiral Okochi also surrendered in Bagiuo on September 3, 1945. Thus, the end of war.

Laws of Chemical Combination Experiment 11

 I.         Introduction

            Chemistry is the study of the transformation of matter from one form to the other. These transformations often occur as a result of the combination of two different types of matter. The combination of different elements to form compounds is governed by certain basic rules. These rules are referred to as laws of chemical combination. There are five basic laws of chemical combination that govern the chemical combinations of elements:

a. Law of Conservation of Mass

In simple terms, this law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. In other words, the total mass, that is, the sum of mass of reacting mixture and the products formed remains constant. Antoine Lavoisier gave this law in the year 1789 based on the data he obtained after carefully studying numerous combustion reactions.

b. Law of Definite Proportions

Joseph Proust, a French chemist stated that the proportion of elements by weight in a given compound will always remain exactly the same. In simple terms we can say that, irrespective of its source, origin or its quantity, the percent composition of elements by weight in a given compound will always remain the same.

Objectives: The objective of this experiment is for the students to be able to explain the laws of chemical changes through experimentation.

II.       Results and Discussion

A.     Law of definite proportion

Weight of Magnesium Ribbon 0.10g

Weight of Crucible and Cover 30.09g

Weight of Crucible and Cover with ash 31.07g

Weight of ash 0.17g

Formula:                                                                                Computation:

%Mg = weight of Mg ribbon x 100                                       %Mg = 0.10 x 100 = 58%

             weight of ash MgO                                                               0.17

%O = 100%-%Mg                                                                   %O₂ = 100% - 58% = 42%

Question: Does the product or ash weigh more or less than the original magnesium ribbon?

      Why?

The product weighs more than the magnesium ribbon because magnesium and oxygen synthesizes when heated then the oxygen’s mass will add to magnesium’s mass.

Equation:

            2Mg + O₂ à 2MgO

B.     Law of conservation of mass

Weight of NaCl solution and beaker 47g

Weight of AgNO3 solution and graduated cylinder g

Weight of AgNO3 solution and graduated cylinder 110g

Weight of the two solutions & containers 157g

Equation:

            NaCl + AgNO₃ à Na₂NO₃ + AgCl₂

III. Conclusion

An element can neither be created nor destroyed, therefore, an element cannot be divided but only combined. Because they don’t divide, the mass of a certain atom will always be the same even if you will do combine it with another atom. The compound will derive a mass that come from the added masses of the compound/molecules component.

IV. References

Abayon, Ester O. Integrated & Inorganic Chemistry

http://byjus.com/chemistry/laws-of-chemical-combination-for-elements-and-compounds/

Wine Making Project (Chemistry)

Ingredients:

·         Concentrated Grape Juice

·         Honey

·         Lemon Fruit

·         Orange Fruit

·         ½ Kilo Sugar

·         Wine/Bread Yeast

Procedure:

First

Ready the ingredients.

Woooh, all is set!

Next

Mix all the ingredients except for the yeast and dissolve them properly. After it completely dissolved, add 1 tbsp. of yeast.

Dissolve the ingredients to the concentrated juice

Next

Put a balloon with small holes from needle pins for it to let the gas inside escape but won’t let the outside particle to get inside. Let it sit for a week to let the yeast do the process of fermentation.

Let it stand for 2-3 weeks 

Next

After fermentation, filter it using a filter paper to segregate the yeast from the solution.

filter it until the liquid becomes clear

Lastly

Place your solution in a glass container and your wine is ready.

And voila, the wine is ready to the tastebuds!

Reaction Paper: "My Sister's Keeper" Movie

            

  Throughout the movie, I’ve realized something, you really shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. I thought the movie is about a younger sister, Kate, who just refuses in helping her sister in her sickness – leukemia, but I have to admit that I am wrong. In fact, Anna is more than willing to help her older sister out. She is very open to surgeries and needles and all because she loves her sister and she thought it is her very reason and purpose of living. She thought that her life is solely to become an aide or to become a donor for her sister’s survival. The older sister, Kate, on the other hand, doesn’t want to fight for life anymore. She already gave up after a boy, Taylor, which eventually became her boyfriend, died in most likely, the same fate as her. Taylor was like a miracle drug to her that gave her a whole new perspective in life and which led to her wanting to be alive, unfortunately, it was gone. Afterwhich, Kate gave up her reasons to be alive and fight for her life. She decided to rebel and almost committed suicide but was stopped by her younger sister. Her whole family is ever supportive to her recovery especially her mom Sara. Through this movie, I’ve realized the extent and limitless love of a mother to her child. Sara did everything she could to the extent of having an engineered baby to become a perfect donor for her sister. Unfortunately, even with the willingness of the donors, the love and support of everyone, all other reasons to live, as long as the one holding the life doesn’t want to go further, all will become futile and leads to nothing.

         

   The values I’ve learned in this movie are many but these three (3) values outshine all: mother’s love; sister’s love; and self-love. We all know that a mother’s love knows no limits and will go through any obstacle and hindrances just to save her family even to the expense of her own life. Due to her love for Kate, her mother did every things possible just to save Kate’s life. Anna’s love for her sister also knows no boundaries because she did her sister’s favors eventhough it is against her will. Lastly, nothing can save you from an illness if you yourself have lost your will to live.

            

The movie was titled “My Sister’s Keeper” because it was Anna , Kate’s sister, who kept and did her sisters favors which is to sue her parents for becoming an organ donor at a very young age to stop the organ transplant that would save her sister’s life because her sister already wants to leave.

My Stand on Death Penalty

When we hear the words “Death Penalty” what we immediately think about is the brutal and merciless killing of a convicted criminal. People especially human rights advocates and the church can be heard everywhere because they think it as “immoral.” But before we jump into conclusions, let’s first know more about what death penalty really is. According to USLegal.com, “Death penalty is the sentence of execution for murder and some other capital crimes (serious crimes, especially murder, which are punishable by death). The death penalty, or capital punishment, may be prescribed by Congress or any state legislature for murder and other capital crimes. The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty is not a per se violation of the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment. Furthermore, the Sixth Amendment does not require a jury trial in capital crime cases.” Therefore, death penalty is a punishment upheld and decided by the Supreme Court which is to be applied to someone who is convicted of the heinous crime he committed.

Death penalty as a capital punishment should be applied to heinous criminals who did brutal crimes (e.g Rape and Murder not only for the adults but most especially to children and even infants; Mass murder; Drug Manufacturing [that may cause mass destruction to the society]), because people as we are, if we think that we can still get out from a crime we did, we will do that crime as many times as possible. Those criminals don’t think about the welfare of the people they victimize as long as they can suffice their needs and cravings. Setting these criminals on loose will lead to much more victims. Let me site this article I’ve read, “All over the country, news stories bemoan and hype the countdown to execution number 1,000. But where are the stories regarding the ripple effects of the heinous crimes that these murderers were executed for committing? Who is counting the victims? A conservative estimate puts the number of victims of these 1,000 murderers at 1,895. Why do we hear so much about the killers and so little about the victims and their loved ones who are left behind to pick up the pieces?” As we hear today the human rights advocates who are really against death penalty, where are they when an estimation of one (1) criminal being able to victimize two (2) innocent individuals not just by doing something terrible to them, but unfortunately, mercilessly killing them? Are the lives of the innocent invaluable to them? Are the criminals only the ones that can avail the benefits of the term “HUMAN RIGHTS?”

Good things can also come in BIG PACKAGES

"I was never a little kid, but my mom always let me took all the vitamins and she always stuff my school bag with all the food stuffs, that's why I became this big."

This is how I always start my story when asked the dreadful question, "Why are you fat?" Believe me, I have already answered this question a lot of times-so much that I've memorized the answer.

I'm not totally blaming my mom that I became this big. I understand that she just don't want me to be sickly and all, being her eldest child, she became overprotective. So she took all the vitamins the drugstore can offer and never forget to remind me that it's already "eating time". So I developed this bad habit of overeating even though I'm already full and bloated, and my size continue to double.

So when I entered school in kindergarten it became obvious that I was bigger than kids my age. My kindergarten classmates started calling me baboy ,piggy, and bok. Even strangers would tease me and gave me names.

I became a loner because of all the teasing. I always distant myself out of the crowd to avoid creating attention and to avoid being a laughingstock in school again. One time, my parents had to talk to my teacher because I don't want to go to school anymore. They don't know that I was being bullied by my female classmates and they even reached the point that they locked me in the CR cubicle just to made fun of me.

So in high school I transferred school, to lessen the trauma I got from grade school. Still, I was the only plus-sized girl in class, but my classmates already respect me. They never made me feel like I was different. I created friends there and my barkada even encourage me to step up and lose some weight. Personally, I also wanted some changes in my lifestyle but I don't want to undergo in a 'crash diet' or to any fad diets that are popular nowadays because I wanted it slowly but surely. In the end, I realized that having issues with my body doesn't have to drag me down-It's a matter of realizing that for every fault found, there's something you can admire and I know that the people who love me will still think I am beautiful regardless of my size.

#LoveYourCurves #PlusSize #beautiful